The meaning of the term pātimokhā completely speculative in nature. According to the great episode (Mahavagga) the word means "the beginning, is the top (or leading-mukha), is the most excellent friendly qualities (pamukha) of the qualities in this life." (Mv. II, 3.4) The term is used for the name not only to the basic law in terms of the Act, but also a profound preaching. The Buddha has listed the basic principles common to the entire client's preaching Buddha, that is: "not doing evil, do good and keep the mind pure Italian: this is the" message of the headless Buddha (Dhp. 183) so any sense of the term from the pātimokhā shall mean a series of basic principles for the cultivation of Dhamma.
The basic law for Jesus khưu, Bhikkhu in Pali language review includes 227 rule is divided into 8 items match penalty is assigned to each account a: parajika: real Plus; sanghadisesa: Rise of evil; aniyata: real intended; nissaggiya pacittiya: But for discharge; pacittiya: Ying for treatment; patidesaniya: But reveal; the French Falcon; sekhiya: adhikarana-samatha, and how to solve the problem. The next chapter will discuss the exact meaning of this term.
Though, three of the term does not refer to the punishment. The aniyata law giving the instructions to settle the situation in doubt; the law simply sekhiya account for that, "(this is the tu must be pursued" without attributing a special penalty would otherwise comply with the terms of this law and the law on adhikarana-samatha launched the process to follow to resolve the problems run up in Them Increases. So there are only five types of penalties are mentioned in the primary law of the world (patimokha), cover r from out of the SBA to increase Them to the simple confession in the presence of a Bhikkhu khưu. We should note that there is not any punishment would involve physical punishment of any kind and we should also note the more is the goal of the undergoing the punishment this way, how else does not wipe out any bugs criminals would give me or purge any real Karma are friendly, would we have to suffer due to violation of the terms of the law This; more than that, both objective and personal computer society: to strengthen our own determination, to restrain from such moral in the future and to make sure Jesus is the khưu Bhikkhu is still seriously pursuing the tu is learning about nor makes it.
Add to those penalties are mentioned directly in the law also sanctions stemming from the account by the Ministry of law analysis (Vibhṅga) and the explanatory notes. The penalty is received from two types of situations, that is: 1) locate Bhikkhu khưu would try to violate a behavior was referring to one of the terms of this Act, but the Act has not yet come to an end or a any other behavior has not reached the end (for example, it tried to kill a person but that person is not dead). 2) locate Bhikkhu khưu would have violated a sin would it not directly included in any law, but again like that law accounts (such as the position that a person who has not yet published, is not directly included in a rule, during which guest behavior a Bhikkhu khưu clear again).
The penalties of this type, when derived from the account any Public Law (parajika) and Increase the remnants (sanghadisesa), including from thullaccaya (felony) and dukkata (World) the penalties would stem from the choice of law clause (nissaggiya pacittiya) treatment for discharge, Ying for treatment (pacittiya), and agree to reveal (patidesaniya)-except for the rule against speaking the words offend-just include dukkata penalty (i.e. bugs criminals evil effects). The punishment stemmed from rule against derogatory word error also includes the expected error language (dubbhasita). Choice of law clause for learning French (sekhiya) analysis (Vibhaṅga) asserts that fail to comply with any clause would lead to celebration by Interior penalty dukkata (IE bugs criminals world) all the penalties arising from the terms of this law may be cleared through acts of confession (confession).
However there have been times when the penalty is assigned to each account, the law is not strong enough to prevent irresponsible khưu Bhikkhu taste from a continuous offense. In such situations, We Increase the position of residence in which khưu Bhikkhu, will formally impose the additional penalties up to that as a way to bring it back to the right path. The additional behavior this official includes from the deprived some privileged according to seniority, to expulsion from the Sangha, or particular suspended join Jesus khưu Bhikkhu Sangha in a comprehensive manner. In each of the situations this penalty is only temporary; If a Bhikkhu khưu unit recognize faults and repairs Increased, getting Them to recall the behavior against it and restore it to the previous status.
Such a comprehensive review, the system of penalties Act make use of three basic principles – a confession, deprived of lost and many levels of publicity from various troop Increase-as the means to bring the enforcement of that law, in order to understand the profound nature of the system about the law , it is important to recognize how each each principle in the whole rule has correlation with the Buddhist practice and the convent.
Confessed ithihas errors (Confession): there are many points in the article (e.g. Ḍ2, m. 141) in which the Buddha asserts, "this really is progress in holding the precepts of the Holy steps that people that recognize an error of his own offense as a true violation error, fix the error it accordingly with the Dharma and attain certification of restraint in the future. ' From the context of each when Buddha put out this statement, there are very obviously "remodeling mistake" means to confess to violations of each of us. In another passage, (d. 62) Buddha has to inform his son Rahula is that if we recognize the speech and behavior of the we cause harm to themselves and to others, we should confess that acts for a person in your life know you have approved. All who have refined thinking, words and his actions in the past, all those who will do so in the future, he added, are acted, are acting and will act according to this key. Add to that one of the basic necessities to exercise themselves in training that we were not the central interior or cheating and we confess with a person you know in your life happy offense fit the actual moral behavior of each one of us (A.V. 53). So please voluntarily confess any of us is a basic factor to make progress where Chief Justice of France.
The dispossessed (Forfeiture): in most situations, the dispossessed is simply an extra thing to be added to the behaviour a confession, we lost the right to about a subject is mentioned, we confess sin committed there and then get back to that object. However in a few situations in which it is not appropriate for a Bhikkhu khưu to use or own-we have to destroy or deprived of permanently. In such situations, the stripped-back is used as a rebuke against greed and is also a reminder of the two fundamental principles that are satisfied with their minimum as well as the computer has at least the demand-which is the absolute basic things in the training world in Germany.
The expelled (ostracism): in a famous passage (s. XL. 2), the Buddha told Ananda greater Germany as follows, "became good friends, made you heal, and colleagues are very respectable people, exactly piracy whole life happy. When the Bhikkhu khưu had become good friends, became friends and colleagues with the people, I hope it will evolve on the way the bowl of legitimacy and make use of a lot of things from this friendship. " So one of the few things taste Bhikkhu khưu are training in earnest will naturally be fears will be expelled because the members are strictly ethical in raise them, because that would be the real obstacle to progress in the supernatural. This fear may help prevent not committed any act that may lead to foreclose.
In this way, the penalty system of the Act provides for the recovery and the error prevents the perpetrator against the bugs criminals that-with the confession is the method of recovery and foreclose prevented that-starting up directly from the basic principles for the practice the Dharma.
These bugs criminals (offenses). In analyzing the bugs criminals aiming to stop the punishment, the analysis (Vibhṅga) was split into five acts of a factor as follows: error object, error awareness, intention of committing that violation error, try breaking it fault and error results it brings. In some accounts the law both in this factor to determine the role that is a true violation error or not. In the other two only three or four elements of that role. For example, according to the rule, both in contentious police bans Parajika factors must be present to get a full violation error: the object must be a man, the Bhikkhu khưu must realize that, as a human being, it must have the intention of suicide being, it must try to make that person die and that people must die.
Without any element of it, the penalty will change, such as object: If a dog kills khưu Bhikkhu, the penalty is just a crime of Choice for therapy (pacittya). Perception: If the position that khưu Bhikkhu cremated a ng time slider you, think that friend was dead, then even if that friend is really still alive but comatose in a serious way, the Bhikkhu khưu that do not have to suffer any penalty action. Intention: If the position that accidental khưu Bhikkhu throwing a rock into a person who is standing in the bottom, Bhikkhu khưu will not incur any penalty if that person dies. Try: If khưu Bhikkhu seeing a man who fell into the River, but don't try to rescue that person, the Bhikkhu khưu don't have to suffer any punishment even if that person has drowned. Results: If the taste that kills a person khưu Bhikkhu, but only recently have made that person hurt, it incurred a Thullacaya (felony).
There are some rule despite the element of intent, awareness and results in which no difference whatsoever to identify these bugs criminals at all, for example, if a Bhikkhu khưu are sleeping alone in room and have a woman comes into the room and then lying asleep in there with you. , Bhikkhu khưu that bear the brunt of punishment But for therapy (pacittya) for the same stay made with a woman even his intention is sleeping alone and not aware of the presence of this woman. Khưu Bhikkhu must drink taste a glass of wine, think that the glass of wine is just grape juice cups, which bear the brunt of punishment But for therapy (pacittya) for the use of these drugs at the same time. A Bhikkhu khưu threatened to sink a Bhikkhu khưu else bear the brunt of punishment but for therapy (pacittya) regardless of other really afraid or not.
One difference is in the account of that law, the Bhikkhu can khưu passive role while committing an act can care be elements trying to factor intent into consent: your consent in relation to the acts is coordinated with describing physical or verbal consent. With some account of law like rule against lewd copulation simply to give automatic behavior that takes place is also considered as the consent to physically even if I lay completely motionless, and start up question here is whether we have incurred a penalty or not depends entirely on our mood. Is there some other laws, including those situations against the encounter with a woman who sheltered abusers, including the circumstances of the woman is made the encounter that-simple estate down enough not to understand physical marks deemed consent and even if we agree in example, as, with the caress of her man, I have to suffer the penalty only when we say something or respond to physical movements with what the woman was doing. Try to factor is fundamental for any law and are also used to determine the error in position situations Bhikkhu khưu intend to violate a rule not complete ng nh his behavior. For example, in situations of others, those related to trying to start when the action with an intent to steal, the Bhikkhu that khưu dressed and began to step near to the object. When each each try this original-say off, with each step-taste it incurs a dukkata (bugs criminals related to misconduct). Right from the beginning, this seems a little extreme, but when we look carefully into the mood as an important, even the time of the assignment system, this penalty is appropriate. In situations like that, if the position was completed khưu Bhikkhu acts, the penalties it incurs in attempting initially regarded as being disabled and that position is left with only a single penalty by law that imposes only.
As such, this is very important, when explained each clause jurisprudence, is to pay attention to this factor in its role in determining the date bug related to the rule. And of course it is important for each khưu Bhikkhu is the attention to all five elements in the whole of the Act to be sure that it does not fall into any of the time of an error p. This is the training precepts became a part of the work of training the mind leads to Chief Justice College. Locate the Visual analysis would khưu Bhikkhu the acts related to the five elements, enlightened province before the elements that, when starting up, and act consistently to avoid not committing any errors that the date would practice three qualities the sensory; an analysis of the phenomenon of attitude in thought, Word and action and the resolute in removing the qualities of any good and cultivate those qualities in good right in yourself. This is the three elements in the Interior have sensory genus form the basis for the four remaining factor that is lost, security, intentions and discharge.
While review the elements of the analysis (Vibhṅga) to parse the date error set of Optional Accessories (Parivara) (VI. 4) created a number of categories to classify bugs criminals, the most important category is to distinguish between the terms of the law carries a penalty of just when would intentionally break the law clause it through awareness (sacittaka) and the carrying a penalty even when there is no break or through cognitive distortions (acittaka).
Although not easy to apply special penalties for the intentional misconduct, we must rethink the mood leads to such behavior. Of course in some actions, intentions will make all things are different between failure and innocent. For example, see a map with the intention that items will return is something completely different than considered item with intent to steal. However there are other acts with harmful consequences that once made an unconscious, back to expose careless and reckless properties in these areas can a person sentenced to responsible behaviour that a reasonable way. There are many accounts of law handling very carefully about common property and the fundamental necessity of us fall into this category. Except that a situation will probably not happen, although no critical rule would bring a penalty if I break the rule that an unconscious, while the small laws carry penalties so can be regarded as useful lessons in Mindfulness.
Extra set of Options (Parivara) (IV. 7.4) also lists six ways could we perpetrated the bugs criminals are as follows:
1) Unconscious, which means unknown acts that go against the law, but still continues to violate in any way;
2) Not at all, that means not recognize behaviors that go against the law;
3) Thinking;
4) Admitted inappropriate thing is suitable, for example, as drinking a glass of wine back thought it was Apple juice;
5) Admitted is not appropriate, for example, regarded as an Apple juice that I thought it was wine glasses and wine glasses drinking anyway; and
6) Actions that do not make sure, for example, not sure if that behavior is like suicide, but still progress made at any cost. In this case, if that behavior is not appropriate, we dealt with according to relevant law clause. If rational behavior that we incurred a penalty error offences relating to misconduct in b t States events would have acted so irresponsible.
Also a system to differentiate the other offense more errors introduced in the ancient Legend is the distinction between the terms of the law only banned the eternal critique (loka-vagga) and the date the account only errors of law critique (pannati-vagga) only. Annotation file defines how this distinction by stating that the bugs criminals loka-vagga by people with any friendly suffer mood (that is due to take part, or si influence) on the contrary the bugs criminals pannati-vajja can errors by people who have in good mood. These concepts can be developed primarily to handle situations in which special downright vị Bhikkhu khưu can do think mature then that breaks a rule – such as when the life of another person may encounter in jeopardy. In such situations, the majority of his life not what offensive guys sorry about that person's behavior violation, although the law may impose a penalty.
Because the concept was formulated in the explanatory notes of ancient though became a way of categorizing the law. Looks like the editor felt some of the terms of the law prohibiting these acts necessarily be driven by real friendly mood, in contrast to the other clause prohibits such behavior can be driven by mood. Given how to use this classification, the Vinaya Mukkha re defines the term as follows:
"Some bugs criminals just mistake how long are related to people's life-is the wrong things and damage due to normal people is not the Bhikkhu khưu-examples might be a steal, steal and murder being, as well as the bugs criminals is under such attacks and say the words insulting. These bugs criminals in this category are defined as loka vajja. There are also bugs criminals just mistake how long are relevant to the mandate of the Buddha only-no wrong that don't harm anything for anyone if by people who have life; and just the wrong thing when Jesus perpetrated by khưu Bhikkhu. On the basis that Jesus against Buddha's instructions. The date of this type of error is called pannati-vajja. "
Even just looking at the world through laws will prove very much suggests that account that law dealt with the kind of bugs criminals have just mentioned above, and the bugs criminals so only pertain to the comparatively small problem. The issue is regularly raised: why only relate to the petty details? The answer to that is: the terms of this law treats the social correlations between Jesus Bhikkhu khưu together and between Jesus khưu Bhikkhu with useful leaders who life-and the correlation of this society seems to be defined by the petty points only.
For example, the position stipulated law terms Bhikkhu khưu not be used if the food is not the food stuff was transferred to him or to the Board by the person who saved my life khưu Bhikkhu not ordained moved in that day. Rule the branching in the very wide range. Among other things, this rule means that a Bhikkhu khưu not abandon human society to live in isolation in a monastery for the hermits in search of Ant food for yourself. It is in constant contact with the outside world. However, at the level of the minimum and in the correlation so it made the job of serving humanity, even simply for him the National Trades Union Congress made a good example on how to behave, and giving him the muscle training National Trades Union Congress about Germany. There are many other law clause almost trivial in nature as if the prohibition was not digging the Earth and harming living trees-when carefully thought will reveal the meaning of a similar purpose as such.
The Standard Of Greatness. Although the analysis (Vibhṅga) and the Khandhakas (The Law) covering a broad range of situations, of course, the two works were not covering the events can happen on this world and from what we have seen in the way the Buddha put into the recipe rule-handling situations when the law that kicked up-we have reason to suspicious himself wanting the law that formed a closed system. Also with regard to those situations do not happen while he is alive, he has set up four things following instructions to judges-are called the four great Standards (a set of law separate from what you've put into the recipe in Bhoganagara) – to arbitrate the situation not mentioned in the law :
1. "This Jesus Bhikkhu khưu, anything we do not oppose, like, ' don't do this, ' if that match what not to do, if that goes against what are, you can't do that.
2. "Anything we do not oppose, like, ' don't do this ', if that match what was allowed, if that goes against what is not allowed to do, the time you do it.
3. "And regardless what we do not allow, such as, ' do this, ' if that match what is not allowed, if that goes against what is not allowed to do, and you can't do that.
4. "And regardless what we do not allow, such as, ' do this, ' if that match what is allowed, if it goes against things not allowed to do, when you do that." (Mv.VI, 40)
Four great standards, when applied properly, will become an important instrument for implementing the broad principles about the law in these situations has not been smoothly under the living Buddha. We will have the opportunity to consult more often throughout this work.
In the law (Canon) there is evidence that the Buddha's attitude concerning precepts non compliance with a law, for example, as the following theory:
"There was time, Germany World Religion still in the Vesali, in the great forests and forestry. At that time its name was Vijjian francs khưu Bhikkhu to meet him ... saying: ' the White World, more than 150 law clause was raised to praise every two weeks in the month. You can't do perfect cultivation according to each account that was. '
"This data, khưu Bhikkhu khưu Bhikkhu can cultivate are three account is learning about it is: cultivate to raise about Germany, training to enhance the intellectual, tu qualifications to raise awareness? '
"White World Religion, I... '
"Well then let's just cultivate according to the three account is learning about it ... When you cultivate to raise about......, you will be removed...... si. Then when you have removed part, si no do you forecast any donation or time became involved with anything evil bad. '
"After this, the Bhikkhu khưu which has successfully advanced cultivation......... you've completely removed be...... si. It is no longer doing what any good and the space became involved with any bad evil again. " (A. III. 85).
Record the sermon also brought out the point similar to the following:
"This Jesus Bhikkhu khưu, has more than 150 law school world account you need litigation twice monthly, related to the litigation that read young people desire self cultivation goals prove yourself. There are three academic terms world which includes the whole of the other cultivation. The three account? That is the account to enhance learning about world Germany, account to enhance learning about wisdom and learning about to raise awareness (i.e., wisdom enhancement, regulatory). Three school terms contains the entire account is learning about the other ....
"This Jesus Bhikkhu khưu, the other khưu Bhikkhu position situations have completed training in whole world, wisdom, (Application tier has meant." Related to the account is learning about smaller and less important than, that error the account there and then restored himself. Because perhaps? Because we say it is impossible to do. But as for the learning about the basis for the Holy life and love with the world, the Holy life in Germany that become steadfast and firm. After training the learning world, it continues to cultivate the other precepts. By probably ended up being the whole of the spiritual branch section that stars, the food poisoning syndrome that freed and freed to help it get rid of all the spiritual branch after the part has wisdom, wisdom, and the voters intended for yourself right in this current ...
"Those who just completed was a part prove only a part only; who complete the whole also reached the entire account is learning about this. I say to you, the account is learning about these useless. " (A. III. 88). END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.30/1/2016.MHDT.
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